Aquifer Recharge: A New Approach from Italy and Croatia
05/12/2025
Europe is facing increasing floods and prolonged droughts, placing heavy pressure on drinking water supplies. Groundwater — a vital resource for millions — is becoming increasingly vulnerable due to overuse, pollution, and climate change. For this reason, pilot activities in Italy and Croatia are testing different controlled groundwater recharge approaches.
In Italy, an 8-hectare managed wetland functions as a natural water reservoir. By controlling water inflow and outflow, researchers monitor how groundwater responds. Results show measurable increases in groundwater levels, even though different soil types absorb water at different speeds, demonstrating the role of wetlands in aquifer restoration, biodiversity conservation, and agricultural support.
In Croatia, the pilot takes place in the sensitive karst terrain of Loborika, where groundwater moves quickly and unpredictably. The layout of wells and treatment infrastructure enables accurate monitoring, and tracer testing showed that water reached the observation well in just 14 hours — highlighting both the potential and the challenges of recharge in karst systems. Additional isotope analysis confirmed that groundwater largely originates from local rainfall, an important indicator for sustainable resource planning.
Treatment column testing achieved a reduction of 82% in nitrates and 94% in bacteria, proving the dual benefit of recharge — improving water quality and increasing storage capacity during dry periods. These approaches also reduce reliance on costly infrastructure and support incentive-based models such as Blue Credits.
The conclusion is clear: although different in method, both approaches lead to the same goal — restoring groundwater, improving filtration, and ensuring reliable water supply. Groundwater may be invisible, but it is irreplaceable, and smart management can secure a more resilient water future.